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CI/CD is an acronym for Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery. Also referred to as CI/CD pipeline, it is a common term in the world of DevOps.
DevOps is another acronym of sorts that stands for Development and Operations, a combination of software development (typically encompassing planning, building, coding, and testing) and operations (including software releases, deployment, and status monitoring).
CI/CD describes the set of tools and practices that allow development teams to automate the process of building, testing, and deploying code. Automating testing and deployment enables developers to find and address defects earlier in the development process; therefore, software applications can be delivered more quickly.
From your first tiny commit to deploying your code to production, your code passes through various validation steps, some or all of which are performed automatically. This is the deployment pipeline in action.
To break it down further, Continuous Integration refers to the building and testing side of the process, and can include things like the following:
An underlying philosophy of Continuous Integration is that by merging, testing, and validating code frequently, you can identify defects, conflicts, and other issues more quickly and fix them more easily.
CI providers are tools for automating the code changes that are part of your pipeline. CI/CD processes are set up at the repository level, and since these setups are specific to each provider, yours will be slightly different depending on which one you choose.
Some popular providers include:
Continuous Delivery refers to the deployment side of the process, and can include things like the following:
An underlying philosophy of Continuous Delivery is that once code is tested as part of the CI process, your code can be packaged with everything it needs and released to production at any time β so everything should be in order and ready to go at a moment's notice.
Before setting up a CI/CD pipeline, you should first familiarize yourself with the Deno environment if you haven't already. On the CI side of things, we'll be using Deno's built-in tools, which allow developers to leverage tools such as GitHub Actions to add steps for testing, linting, and formatting our code.
You'll also need to accomodate requests from your network to a variety of hosts. Refer to Which hosts are involved in the creation and execution of apps created with the Slack CLI? for more details.
In addition, you'll need to obtain a service token to authorize your CI/CD setup. Refer to CI/CD authorization for more details about obtaining, using, and revoking service tokens.
Once you've done those things, you're ready to get started! Let's walk through an example.
Let's take a look at the Virtual Running Buddies sample app.
First, we'll open the deno.jsonc file located at the root of the project:
// deno.jsonc
{
"$schema": "https://deno.land/x/deno/cli/schemas/config-file.v1.json",
"fmt": {
"files": {
"include": [
"README.md",
"datastores",
"external_auth",
"functions",
"manifest.ts",
"triggers",
"types",
"views",
"workflows"
]
}
},
"importMap": "import_map.json",
"lint": {
"files": {
"include": [
"datastores",
"external_auth",
"functions",
"manifest.ts",
"triggers",
"types",
"views",
"workflows"
]
}
},
"lock": false,
"tasks": {
"test": "deno fmt --check && deno lint && deno test --allow-read --allow-none"
}
}
This file is your configuration file. It allows you to customize Deno's built-in TypeScript compiler, formatter, and linter.
We'll also point to our import map here (import_map.json), which allows you to manage what versions of modules or the standard library are included with your project:
// import_map.json
{
"imports": {
"deno-slack-sdk/": "https://deno.land/x/deno_slack_sdk@2.1.5/",
"deno-slack-api/": "https://deno.land/x/deno_slack_api@2.1.1/",
"mock-fetch/": "https://deno.land/x/mock_fetch@0.3.0/"
}
}
Next, we'll look inside the deno.yml file, which is located in the .github/workflows folder for this sample. Its contents are as follows:
# deno.yml
name: Deno app build and testing
on:
push:
branches: [ main ]
pull_request:
branches: [ main ]
jobs:
deno:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
timeout-minutes: 5
steps:
- name: Set up repo
uses: actions/checkout@v3
- name: Install Deno
uses: denoland/setup-deno@v1
with:
deno-version: v1.x
- name: Verify formatting
run: deno fmt --check
- name: Run linter
run: deno lint
- name: Run tests
run: deno task test
- name: Run type check
run: deno check *.ts && deno check **/*.ts
This is the meat and potatoes of our CI setup. The pipeline is kicked off by a push to or pull request from the main branch, and then we run through all the subcommands we want to complete within the jobs/steps section, including setting up our repository and installing Deno.
This also includes calling Deno's task runner to run any unit tests we have created for our custom functions. This allows us to run all of our unit tests automatically, rather than running each one manually from the command line. In this sample, this means all of the files located in the sample app's functions folder ending in test.ts.
β¨ For more information about creating unit tests, refer to Testing custom functions.
If you've created your project by cloning one of our sample apps, note that the .github folder will not be included. You'll need to create it yourself, but you can use the handy dandy Copy button next to the code samples on this page to get started!
While not part of this sample app, you can also generate test coverage reports from your deno.yml file. For more information, refer to Test coverage.
On the CD side of things, there are various ways you can deploy Deno projects to the cloud. Your setup will differ based on which platform you choose.
Let's look at an example deploy.yml file, which you would also place in the .github/workflows folder along with your deno.yml file. The steps below need to run within the app folder and are for already-deployed apps only. Its contents are as follows:
# deploy.yml
name: Deploy to Slack Cloud
on:
push:
tags: [ '*.*.*' ]
jobs:
deploy:
runs-on: macos-latest
steps:
- name: Set up repo
uses: actions/checkout@v3
- name: Install CLI
run: curl -fsSL https://downloads.slack-edge.com/slack-cli/install.sh | bash
- name: Deploy
run: slack deploy --app ${{ secrets.APP }} --workspace ${{ secrets.WORKSPACE }} --token ${{ secrets.SLACK_SERVICE_TOKEN }}
Central to this file is calling the slack deploy command to deploy your app to Slack's managed infrastructure. Using this command, the latest changes to your app will be deployed to a workspace once pushed/pulled/merged/tagged/etc. as specified in your workflow.
Want to learn more about how to use the Slack CLI? Start here!
β¨ For more information about deploying to Slack's managed infrastructure, refer to Deploy to Slack.
β¨ For more information specific to different platforms, refer to Deploying Deno.
β¨ Just want to write some unit tests? Refer to Testing custom functions.
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